Our community spends
most of its time designing, applying, or using automation and control
systems. This session provides
descriptions of systems, programs, and projects, emphasizing experiences
and lessons learned during conceptual and application engineering, design,
fabrication, installation, startup, operation, and/or maintenance activities
P002-”Intelligent Process for On-Line Optimal Load
Distribution Between Units In A Hydro Power Plant”
Edson Bortoni, Unifei
-
The sustainable
development and the reasonable exploitation of natural energy resources are key
issues and have becoming one of the greatest challenges of XXI century. Hydro
power plants are in the hurricane eye as long as they deal with these two sides
of the coin. In the case of
P007-”Virtual Instrumentation In Monitoring and Control
Interface of a
Luis Lopez-Manrique,
MS, Universidad
Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco
We have developed to an interface for monitoring and control of a
park of wind turbines in which it is possible to make the statistics of
production and generation of electrical energy, detection of errors of faults,
as well as the control of the operation and the maintenance. This interface is in the second phase of
improvement and development. The second version is working with virtual
instruments and a special programming language. The first version developed the
communication protocol to work in a network by optical fiber and a remote
connection of via radio to a distance of 25 miles.
P015-”Control Room Design - Lessons Learned”
A control system
retrofit project provides an opportunity to rethink an existing control room
area to create a functional, secure, and comfortable operating
environment. Upgrades to lighting, HVAC,
flooring and ceiling treatments are a relatively small portion of the overall
project budget but they can have a substantial impact on the perceived success
of a control retrofit project.
Plant staff
who have spent many years occupying an existing control space have valuable,
insightful suggestions for improving a control room area to best fit their
needs. Their input coupled with the
latest architectural design practices has led to many valuable lessons during
the course of dozens of fossil plant controls upgrade projects. Issues
addressed in this paper include the following:
·
Floor
plan design for traffic control and work area adjacencies
·
Lighting
design
·
Emerging
trends in large format displays
·
Workstation
furniture alternatives
·
Flooring
and ceiling materials
·
Dust
mitigation
·
Noise
abatement
P019-”Automated Power Management Systems for Power Consumers
with On-site Generation”
Scott Manson, Shah Saurabh,
Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories
Co-located generation capabilities are finding great popularity
among Industrial, Commercial, Retail, and Governmental power consumers. These are being installed for economic,
safety, and environmental reasons. For example, an oil refinery may install
on-site generation to reduce their unit electric energy costs, to enable their
plant to continue operations during local utility outages, to reduce
environmental emissions by reducing the number of plant outages, and
subsequently to improve personnel safety through fewer ‘emergency’ shutdowns.
As the number of individual unit generators increases, so does the need for
more powerful methods by which to monitor, control, and optimize the operation
of the generation and the load throughout their facilities. In the last decade, powerful microprocessor
controlled protection, automation, and communication devices have become
available, which greatly simplify the task of automation and management of
these ‘mini’ power systems. In addition
to greatly enhanced features, these modern devices have made electric power
more reliable and more economical than ever before. This presentation reviews a recently
installed Automated Power Management System, that provided the customer with a
simple and robust system architecture of the highest quality and
cost-effectiveness. This customer is a
very large oil refinery in
P022-”Control Strategies and Implementation for NH3 Vaporization”
Mac Buzanowski,
Peerless Manufacturing Co.
Several commercially developed processes are available for NOx
control at power plants. One of the most efficient technologies is the
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) process that is capable of over 95%
reduction of NOx emissions. This technology is generally considered as a Best
Available Control Technology (BACT) that represents the most stringent NOx
emissions control process to be technologically feasible and cost effective.
The SCR system requires injection of ammonia (NH3) into a NOx-laden exhaust gas
stream. The source of ammonia can be
anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia or urea.
A control
strategy available to vaporize and dilute aqueous ammonia is described and its
success is demonstrated in a recent SCR project. In this project, heated air is
used as the dilution and evaporation medium. A multi-stage electrical flanged
heating element is used to heat the ambient air. This heating element is
inserted into the vaporizer and sealed onto the heater element flange.
An
automatic control system is used to ensure complete ammonia evaporation within
the vaporizer. This control system governs the transient amount of heat release
by the heating element to maintain a specific temperature of the diluted ammonia
at the outlet of the vaporizer. The heat release is function of several
factors:
·
Ambient
air temperature
·
Flow
rate of ammonia into the vaporizer
·
Surface
temperature of the heating element limited to avoid excessive heating that can
damage the element
·
Hot
air temperature at the bottom of the vaporizer
This paper
presents heat balance simulations to determine the required heater element
capacity. Detailed simulations are also presented to evaluate the evaporation
of aqueous ammonia in the vaporizer. The control strategy used to ensure
complete evaporation and protection from thermal damage is discussed.
P036-”Draft Control Enhancement on TAEAN Thermal Power Plant
Units 1-4”
In-young Jeong. Korea
Western Power Co., Ltd. (WP) Western Power
Taean thermal power plants are
supercritical once-through coal fired 500Mw thermal power plant that adopts balanced draft system. Draft systems consisted of FDF, IDF are
operated hydraulically to control air flow using variable pitch blade. The
control unit is equipped with thyristor reversing unit. We experienced lots of
trouble, runback and plant trip because of fan actuator. So we have several
significant logic modifications that were executed to improve draft control
reliabilities.
1.
We add
FDF, IDF control deviation high alarm, actuator power off logic to prevent
shutdown by way of abrupt pitch blade closing or opening as a consequence of
actuator faulty operation. These improvements allow the operator to detect faulty
operation in early stages, take follow-up measures, and prevent plant shutdown.
2.
We
change IDF feedforward signal from FDF Position signal to FDF demand signal to
increase control stability, and we remove FDF, IDF position feedback control
for lack of healthy feedback signal. As a result of this improvement, air flow
and furnace pressure control is remarkably improved.
3.
We add
FDF blocking interlock and change IDF blocking interlock from the front stage
of feedforward signal to the final stage of control signal to prevent implosion
protection and adverse action.
P057-“
Paul D. Lucy and
Randall L. Miller, OG&E
OG+E’s Muskogee
Generating Station is located along the east bank of the Arkansas River,
approximately three miles east of Muskogee, Oklahoma. The station consists of three large coal
fired units and one smaller gas fired unit.
The three large coal fired units are rated at approximately 500
megawatts each, with a coal consumption rate of 300 tons/hour each at rated
load. The boilers on all three coal
units are Combustion Engineering Tangential fired type with 6 firing elevations
of which only 5 are required to meet rated load. Powder River Basin (PRB) coal is delivered to
the plant via train and is unloaded to the coal storage/reclaim area using a
single rotary type dumper.
The new control
system was deemed a success for a number of reasons. Operation of the Fly Ash system is now more
efficient because it only cycles on a hopper that is dumping ash into the
system. The Bottom Ash system is much
more flexible with much more diagnostics and has yet to cause a line to
plug. The overall system has a great
deal of diagnostics displayed on the PanelViews aiding operations ability to
run the system and aiding the technician’s ability to maintain the system. The prints are now all correct enabling much
easier trouble shooting of the system.
With all of the new equipment and a very well programmed system, fault
recovery time is fractional. All of
above mentioned items have made operating the Ash systems for Unit 4 more
flexible and reliable.