Safety System Design Standards & Guidelines
1. Application of Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industries, International Society for Measurement and Control, ANSI/ISA S84.01, 1996 Phone (919) 549-8411
2. Identification of Emergency Shutdown Systems and Control That Are Critical to Maintaining Safety in Process Industries, International Society for Measurement and Control, ANSI/ISA S91.01, 1995 Phone (919) 549-8411
3. Guidelines for Safe Automation of Chemical Processes, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, ISBN 0-8169-0554-1, 1993, Phone 800-242-4363
An excellent text on the design of DCS and Safety Interlock Systems.
4. Functional Safety - Safety Related Systems, International Electrotechnical Commission, Technical Committee No. 65, Working Groups 9 & 10 draft standard 61508 & 61511, 1998, (Copies may be ordered through ISA - Phone (919) 549-8411.)
Four out of seven portions (of 61508) were released in Dec. ’98.
5. Programmable Electronic Systems In Safety Related Applications
Part 1 - An Introductory Guide,1987, ISBN 011 883913 6
Part 2 - General Technical Guidelines, 1987, ISBN 011 883906 3
U.K. Health & Safety Executive, Phone 011-441-787-313-995
(Has also been available in the U.S. through Unipub at (301) 459-7666)
An excellent document and the first of it’s kind. The starting point for many others like it. Specific for programmable systems, but can easily be applied for other technologies as well.
Reliability Information References
1. Reliability, Maintainability and Risk (Practical Methods for Engineers) 4th Edition, David J. Smith, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1993, ISBN 0-7506-0854-4, Phone 800-366-2665
Outstanding background material plus an excellent listing of failure rates, failure modes, fatality rates, and human error rates. I’m told there is now a 5th edition.
2. OREDA-92 (Offshore Reliability Data) DNV Industry, Veritasveien 1, N-1322 HØVIK, Norway, 1992, (Phone 011 47 67 57 72 50, Fax 011 47 67 57 74 74)
By far the best listing of failure rate data (even though it is focused for the offshore industry). Unfortunately it’s very expensive (about $500). Fax for the latest price.
3. Guidelines For Process Equipment Reliability Data With Data Tables, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Center for Chemical Process Safety, 1989, ISBN 0-8169-0422-7, Phone 800-242-4363
A decent listing of failure rate date in the process industry. Not as complete as OREDA, but less expensive and readily available in the U.S.
4. IEEE Std 500-1984, Equipment Reliability Data for Nuclear-Power Generating Stations, IEEE and John Wiley & Sons, 1984, ISBN 471-80785-0, Phone 800-678-4333
A 2 1/2 inch thick book full of failure rate data.
Other Recommended Reading
1. Safety Shutdown Systems: Design, Analysis and Justification, Gruhn & Cheddie, ISA, 1998, ISBN 1-55617-665-1
2. 29 CFR Part 1910.119, Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals, U.S. Federal Register, Feb. 24, 1992, Contact your local government bookstore, or download the document from OSHA’s website at http://www.osha.gov
3. Out of Control, Why control systems go wrong and how to prevent failure, Health & Safety Executive (UK), 1995, ISBN 0-7176-0847-6, Phone 011-441-787-881-165, Fax 011-441-787-313-995)
4. Computer Control and Human Error, Trevor A. Kletz, ISBN 0-88415-269-3, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX, 1986, Phone 1-800-231-6275
5. What Went Wrong? Case Histories of Process Plant Disasters, Trevor A. Kletz, ISBN 0-88415-027-5, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX, 1986, Phone 1-800-231-6275
6. An Engineer's View Of Human Error, Trevor A. Kletz, The Institute of Chemical Engineers (Warwickshire, England), 1985, ISBN 0 85295 192 2
7. Lessons From Disaster - How organizations have no memory and accidents recur, Trevor A. Kletz, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX, 1993, ISBN 0-88415-154-9
8. Safeware - System Safety and Computers, Nancy G. Leveson, Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-11972-2
9. Process Safety Management, Ian Sutton, Southwestern Books, 1997, ISBN 1-57502-528-0, Phone; 281-488-7767, Web; http://www.southwestern-books.com
10. Safety-Critical Computer Systems, Neil Storey, Addison-Wesley, 1996, ISBN 0-201-42787-7
11. Computer Related Risks, Peter G. Neumann, Addison-Wesley, 1995, ISBN 0-201-55805-X
12. Evaluating Control System Reliability, William M. Goble, International Society for Measurement and Control, 1992, ISBN 1-55617-128-5, Phone (919) 549-8411
13. Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, AIChE CCPS, 1992, ISBN 0-8169-0491-X, Phone 800-242-4363
14. Guidelines for Chemical Process Quantitative Risk Analysis, AIChE CCPS, 1989, ISBN 0-8169-0402-2, Phone 800-242-4363
15. Risk Analysis for Process Plants, Pipelines and Transport, J.R. Taylor, E&FN Spon, 1994, ISBN 0-419-19090-2
- Major Industrial Hazards, Their Appraisal and Control
, John Withers, Halsted Press, 1988, ISBN 0-470-21-67-2
- Human Reliability & Safety Analysis Data Handbook
, D.I. Gertman & H.S. Blackman, Wiley-Interscience, 1994, ISBN 0-471-59110-6
- Process Instrumentation and Control, API RP 554
, American Petroleum Institute, 1995, Washington, DC, Order No. C55401, Phone 202-682-8000 |
