Capacitance and Radar Contact Level Gauges

Table of Contents

2.1 Material Interfaces

2.2 Level Measurement Sensors and Transmitters

2.3 Mechanical Level Measurement Systems

2.4 Level Measurement Systems With Fluid Contact

2.5 Level Measurement Systems Without Fluid Contact

2.6 Externally-Mounted Level Measurement Systems

2.7 Open Channel Flow Measurement Systems

2.8 Measured Quantity

2.9 Typical Applications

3.1 Capacitance Level Measurement

3.2 Capacitance Level Measurement Sensors

3.3 Radar Contact Level Measurement

3.4 Radar Contact Level Measurement Sensors

4.1 Analog Transmitters

4.2 Digital Transmitters

4.3 Fieldbus Transmitters

4.4 Wireless Transmitters

5.1 Process Limits

5.2 Ambient Limits

5.3 Installation/Maintenance (Sensor)

5.4 Transmitter

5.5 Installation/Maintenance (Transmitter)

5.6 Reference Performance

5.7 Operating Effects

6.1 Process Limits

6.2 Ambient Limits

6.3 Installation/Maintenance (Sensor)

6.4 Transmitter

6.5 Installation/Maintenance (Transmitter)

6.6 Reference Performance

6.7 Operating Effects

8.1 Accuracy Statements

8.2 Measurement Range

8.3 Data Analysis

(Page 41)

9.1 Level Sensor

9.2 Effect of Transmitter Accuracy on Level Measurement

9.3 Digital Output vs. Analog Output Performance

(Page 46)

10.1 Ambient Temperature Effects

10.2 Operating Temperature Effects (Sensor)

10.3 Process Pressure Effects

10.4 Vapor Space Effects

10.5 Vapor/Material Interface Effects

10.6 Material Composition Effects

10.7 Coating Effects

10.8 Effects of Level Measurement Error

11.1 High Accuracy

11.2 Capacitance Level Measurement Not Affected by Dielectric Constant

11.3 Radar Level Measurement Not Affected by Electrical Conductivity 

11.4 Radar Level Measurement Not Affected by Electrical Conductivity 

11.5 Measure Large Distances

(Page 52)

12.1 Characteristics of the Material

12.2 Vapor Considerations

12.3 Vessel Considerations

12.4 Sensor Considerations

12.5 Electrical Installation

12.6 Level Transmitter Calibration

12.7 Ambient Conditions

(Page 54)

13.1 Level Sensors

13.2 Level Transmitters

13.3 Level Transmitter Signals

(Page 62)

15.1 The Major Suppliers of Capacitance and Radar Contact Level Gauges

15.2 Long-Standing Suppliers of Capacitance Level Gauges

15.3 Manufacturers Located Outside of North America

15.4 Private-Label and Catalog Suppliers

15.5 Summary